Cyclone Forecast & Fishermen Safety Tips for Indian Coastal Areas

Understanding Cyclones on the Indian Coast

Cyclones, locally known as ‘toofan’ or ‘chakravat’, are powerful storms that frequently impact the Indian coastline, especially in states like Odisha, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. These weather systems mainly form over two key regions: the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The formation occurs when warm sea surface temperatures combine with atmospheric disturbances during pre-monsoon (April–June) and post-monsoon (October–December) seasons. Due to India’s unique geography, the Bay of Bengal is particularly prone to cyclone development, accounting for a majority of severe cyclonic storms that make landfall on India’s east coast. Historically, these cyclones have caused significant destruction to coastal fishing communities—damaging boats, nets, and fish landing centers—while also risking fishermen’s lives at sea. Many elders in fishing villages still recount memories of the 1999 Odisha Super Cyclone or the devastating impact of Cyclone Phailin and Amphan. Understanding local seasonality and past impacts is crucial for preparing today’s fishermen and ensuring their safety during cyclone alerts.

2. How to Read and Trust Cyclone Forecasts

For the safety of coastal communities, especially fishermen, understanding and trusting cyclone forecasts is crucial. In India, several reliable sources provide timely cyclone alerts and weather updates. Here’s how you can access, interpret, and cross-check these forecasts using official channels, traditional wisdom, and simple instruments.

Official Forecast Channels in India

The Government of India has established multiple platforms for disseminating weather information to the public:

How Fishermen Can Use These Channels

• Tune in daily: Before heading to sea, always check AIR or Doordarshan for the latest bulletins.
• Use local language services: Both AIR and Doordarshan offer updates in various Indian languages like Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Odia, Malayalam, and Hindi.
• Register for IMD SMS Alerts: Many coastal states run free SMS alert services through IMD for fishermen. Contact your local fisheries office to enroll.

Using Barometer Readings at Sea

A barometer is a handy tool for every fisherman. It measures atmospheric pressure—a sudden drop often signals an approaching cyclone or storm. Even if you don’t have access to digital forecasts at sea, a simple barometer can be your early warning system.

Cultural Wisdom: Local Signs Fishermen Trust

• Migratory Birds: Sudden changes in bird movement patterns are often taken as nature’s warning of bad weather ahead.
• Cloud Formations: Darkening skies towards the sea horizon (especially after noon) are commonly interpreted as signs of an approaching storm.
• Sea Surface Changes: Unusual warmth or choppiness in coastal waters is considered an indicator by seasoned fishermen that a cyclone may be brewing offshore.
• Scent & Air Pressure: Elders often mention a heavy or “sticky” feel in the air before cyclones—this is linked to changes in atmospheric pressure and humidity levels.

Tip from Kanyakumari Fisherfolk:

“Even with all modern gadgets, we never ignore what our elders taught us about reading the sky and the sea. Always double-check with both science and tradition before venturing out!”

3. Pre-Cyclone Preparedness for Fishermen

Checklist for Boat Anchoring and Gear Securing

Before a cyclone approaches, it is crucial for all fishermen along the Indian coast to take timely precautions. Begin by anchoring your boats in safe harbours or designated cyclone shelters as advised by local authorities. Double-check that all ropes, anchors, and moorings are strong enough to withstand heavy winds and tides. Remove or tightly secure fishing nets and equipment on the boat to avoid loss or damage.

Safety Kits: Essentials You Must Carry

Always prepare a comprehensive safety kit before cyclone season sets in. Your kit should include life jackets, first aid supplies, drinking water, dry snacks, torchlights with spare batteries, and a fully charged mobile phone with emergency numbers saved. Traditional Indian wisdom also suggests carrying extra dhotis or lungis, as these can be useful in emergencies.

Communication Plans with Fellow Villagers

Stay connected with fellow fishermen and villagers through WhatsApp groups, mobile calls, or even loudspeaker announcements in your panchayat. Inform your family and neighbours about your plan—whether you will stay ashore or at sea. Mark attendance at the community meeting points before venturing out or returning from the sea.

Respecting Traditional Advice from Elders

Elders in coastal villages possess generations of experience in reading natural signs and understanding changing weather patterns. Listen carefully to their advice regarding wind direction, cloud formations, and unusual sea behaviour—these time-tested tips can often provide early warnings ahead of official alerts. Combining modern forecasts with traditional wisdom ensures better preparedness and safety for everyone in the community.

4. Safe Evacuation Procedures for Coastal Villages

When the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) issues a cyclone warning, timely evacuation of coastal villages is essential to ensure everyone’s safety. Understanding and following proper guidelines can make all the difference, especially for fishermen communities and their families.

Guidelines for Timely Evacuation

• Stay Alert: Regularly monitor weather updates from trusted sources like IMD bulletins, local radio, or mobile alerts.
• Pack Essentials: Prepare a basic emergency kit with water, dry food, medicines, torch, important documents, and mobile phone with charger.
• Heed Warnings: Move immediately when authorities announce evacuation. Do not wait till the last moment.

Cooperation with Local Panchayat Authorities

The Panchayat plays a key role during disasters in Indian coastal areas. Cooperate fully with local leaders as they coordinate rescue efforts and provide directions. Respect the instructions from Gram Sabha meetings and follow volunteers who guide you to safe locations. This cooperation ensures that evacuation happens systematically without panic or confusion.

Cyclone Shelters: Community Spirit in Action

Cyclone shelters are designed to keep large groups safe during storms. Use these shelters as directed by Panchayat officials. Maintain discipline and help elderly people, women, children, and those with disabilities. Sharing resources and offering emotional support strengthens community spirit and ensures no one is left behind.

Evacuation Steps at a Glance

Remember:

• Your safety is the top priority—do not risk your life or those of others by ignoring warnings.
• The strength of Indian coastal villages lies in unity; help your neighbours and act together as one family (Parivaar).
• If you face any difficulty during evacuation, immediately inform Panchayat members or local volunteers.

5. Best Practices during and after Cyclone Landfall

Steps to Take During a Cyclone

When a cyclone warning is issued, the first priority for fishermen and their families is to ensure safety. Stay indoors or in designated cyclone shelters provided by the local authorities. Secure all personal belongings, important documents, and fishing equipment as best as possible before landfall. Keep battery-operated radios or mobile phones with government alert apps handy to receive real-time updates from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and local disaster management agencies.

Importance of Not Venturing Out

It is crucial not to venture out to sea or move outdoors during cyclone conditions, even if there seems to be a lull in the storm. Many cyclones have an “eye” – a temporary calm period that can be deceptive. The winds and waves can return suddenly and with greater force. Always follow advisories from the Coast Guard, fisheries department, or Panchayat leaders, and wait for official clearance before resuming any activity near the coast.

Post-Cyclone Checks on Boat and Catch

Once authorities declare it safe, carefully inspect boats and fishing gear for any damage before planning to resume fishing operations. Check for waterlogging in engines, hull cracks, net tears, and missing safety equipment. Also, ensure your catch storage facilities are clean and free from contamination due to flooding or debris. If your boat or equipment has been damaged, document the damages with photographs for insurance or government aid claims.

Government Compensation Resources

The Government of India provides various relief schemes for fishermen affected by cyclones under both central and state policies. Approach your local fisheries office or Village Administrative Officer (VAO) to file compensation claims. Submit all required documents such as Aadhaar card, boat registration details, photos of damage, and bank account information for direct benefit transfer (DBT). Stay updated about special relief packages announced by the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying or respective state governments after major cyclonic events.

6. Useful Contacts and Local Support Networks

Helpline Numbers for Immediate Assistance

During cyclones, quick access to the right helplines can save lives and livelihoods. Here are some important contacts for fishermen and coastal residents:

• National Emergency Response: Dial 112
• Indian Coast Guard (ICG): 1554 (Toll-Free)
• NDRF (National Disaster Response Force): 011-24363260 / 1078
• State Disaster Helplines:
  • Gujarat: 1077
  • Maharashtra: 1077
  • Goa: 1077
  • Karnataka: 1070 / 1077
  • Kerala: 1077
  • Tamil Nadu: 1070 / 1077
  • Andhra Pradesh: 1070 / 18004250101
  • Puducherry: 1070 / 1077
  • Odisha: 0674-2395398 / 1070 / 1077
  • West Bengal: 1070 / 033-22143526

Local Disaster Management Offices in Coastal Districts

If you need on-ground assistance, reach out to your district’s disaster management office or collectorate. Most coastal districts from Kutch (Gujarat) to Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) have dedicated control rooms during cyclone alerts. Keep their contact details handy, which are usually available on state government websites and local Panchayat offices.

Key District Control Room Examples:

• Kutch, Gujarat Control Room: 02832-250080 / [email protected]
• Mumbai Suburban Collector Office: 022-26551055 / [email protected]
• Kollam, Kerala District Control Room: 0474-2794002 / [email protected]
• Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu Collectorate Helpline: 04142-295900 / [email protected]
• Please check your local Panchayat or District Collectorate notice boards for updates during emergencies.

Trusted NGOs & Community Networks Supporting Fisherfolk

The following NGOs and local support groups actively work with fishing communities along India’s coastline, providing early warning information, relief material, and rehabilitation support post-cyclone.

Main NGOs Working Across Multiple States:

• SNEHA (Social Need Education and Human Awareness), Tamil Nadu & Andhra Pradesh
• Caritas India – Pan-India Relief Operations
• South Indian Federation of Fishermen Societies (SIFFS), Kerala & Tamil Nadu Coasts
• Indian Red Cross Society – Emergency Relief in All States
• Fisher Friend Mobile Application by MSSRF – Real-time Alerts for Fishermen (All Coastal States)

If you belong to a fishermen’s society or self-help group (SHG), stay connected through WhatsApp groups or local radio announcements for the latest updates in your area. Remember, timely communication with these trusted networks ensures better preparedness and safety for all coastal communities.